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CIV 201: European Civilization 1: Plagiarism

Europe to 1500. An interdisciplinary study of the development of Western culture from prehistoric man through the Protestant Reformation, with special emphasis on social, economic, intellectual, religious, and political institutions.

Cloudy? about plagiarism

A Word About Plagiarism

Academic Honor Code Definitions and Clarifying Comments

"Plagiarism: Careless or deliberate use of the work or the ideas of another; representation of another’s work, words, ideas, or data as your own without permission or appropriate acknowledgement. *Examples: copying another’s paper, work, computer disk, or answers and submitting or representing it as your own; submitting an assignment which has been partially or wholly done by another and claiming it as yours; not properly acknowledging a source which has been summarized or paraphrased in your work; failure to acknowledge the use of another’s words with quotation marks." (ECC Student Handbook, 4)

Academic Honor Code Disciplinary Procedures

"A. Students who violate the Academic Honor Code will be confronted by the faculty member and referred to the Chief Student Affairs Officer (CSAO). Supporting documentation, when appropriate, will be forwarded to the CSAO. The CSAO will meet with the student, discuss the misconduct and review the Academic Honor Code and Disciplinary Procedures. The CSAO will maintain a file with supporting documentation and the name of the student will be placed on a disciplinary list accessible only to the CSAO and the Chief Academic Officer (CAO). The faculty member will determine how the violation will affect the student’s grade.

B. In the event that the student violates the Academic Honor Code a second time, the student will be required to meet with the CSAO. The student will be placed on academic probation. The faculty member will determine how the violation will affect the student’s grade. The student’s file and disciplinary list will be maintained by the CSAO.

C. If the Student violates the Academic Honor Code a third time, they will be subject to sanctions up to disciplinary suspension or expulsion." (ECC Student Handbook, 5)

Is it Ethical?

You just took the History mid-term and your friend has the test tomorrow.  Is it ethical to tell them to what topics were or were not on the test?

No.  Sharing information about what is on a  test is not ethical.  Per the ECC Student Handbook this is Facilitation of Academic Dishonesty. (ECC Student Handbook, 5)

On the drive to school you heard a news report that is a prefect statistics for your powerpoint presentation at 8:30.  You don't have time to verify the information or cite the source, but it was on the news, so it must be common knowledge.

No. Even if it was a news report, that does not make it common knowledge.  A guideline is if it can be found in 5 sources (uncited) it is common knowledge.  You should cite a source even if you are limited on time. 

Your high school English paper earned you an A about "Animal Experimentation".  You have to do a speech for Oral Communication and that topic will be perfect.  Using the research from your high school paper you write the speech , cite your sources and receive an A. 

No.  You may have written the high school paper, however the Oral Communication assignment was not to use an old paper and write a speech.  Beforehand discuss the use of the high school paper with your instructor and expand your research deeper with new sources.  Per the ECC Student Handbooks this is Multiple Submission. (ECC Student Handbook, 5)

Protect yourself from being plagiarized

Tips to keep your work safe.

  • Save the multiple drafts of your paper, electronically or in print
    • Do not select "Save", but rather "Save As" and number each draft
  • Password protect your computer
    • Keep a nosy roommate out of your work
  • Password protect your files
    • If it's a shared computer, this can offer some protection
  • Don't forget your jumpdrive
    • A jumpdrive left in a campus computer lab is an easy target for theft

Source: Karl Stolley, Allen Brizee, Joshua M. Paiz, OWL at Purdue, Safe Practices, Web. September 8, 2014. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/03/

Stop!

Source: Lord, Carrol. "An example of plagiarism." . Online image. Wikimedia. 5 Aug 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Example-of-Article-Plagiarism-Diagram.png>

Avoiding Plagiarism

1. Acknowledge sources - Give credit through citation. Failing to do so, intentionally or not, is plagiarism.

Give credit to sources from:

  • books
  • journal articles
  • charts
  • statistics
  • ideas that are unique (not found in 2-3 sources)
  • maps
  • interviews
  • television
  • radio
  • Internet
  • online databases
  • and many other types of material

2. Proper quotations - Enclose quoted material in quotation marks, note the page numbers and include a link to the source.

3. Paraphrasing - or Summarizing is expressing points and ideas in your own words.  Create a parenthetical reference to the source.

Tips to Prevent Plagiarism

Be organized from the start! 

Create a separate note card for each source.

Record the Source (citation) of all resources.

Book: Author, Title, Publisher, Place and Year of publication

Periodical Article: Author, Title of Article and Periodical, Year, Vol. Issue and Pages

Internet/Website: URL/Web Address, Author ,Title, and the Date site was accessed

Paraphrasing/Summarizing is indicating points and ideas in your own words.  Create a parenthetical reference to the source.

Enclose quoted material in quotation marks, note the page numbers and include a link to the source.

Ask a Learning Center English Specialist for assistance.

Additional Resources

Paraphrase and Quote

There are two ways to convert information from sources to a paper.  Paraphrase is to put the information in your own words and quoting the information directly, keeping the author's exact wording.  In both cases, a citation that tells the reader where the information came from must be included.

Paraphrasing:

When paraphrasing, do not copy any sections word-for-word or borrow too much language from the original.  The following example shows proper and improper paraphrasing.

Below is a section taken from a magazine article. The article title, "Exam Question," was written by Charles Lane and published in the magazine - New Republic. Here is a section taken from page 6 of the article.

For the most part, black students, even those from middle-class families, can't afford these courses.  Or they don't know about them because, reasonably enough, the test-prep companies target their marketing to concentrations of higher income (mostly white) students.

Improper Paraphrasing OR Plagiarism :

Charles Lane says that black students from middle-class families and other kinds of familes can't afford prep courses.  And sometimes they don't know about them because companies target their marketing campaigns to higher income (mostly white) students(6). 

The underlined words and phrases above show where the student has copied from the original source.  The structure of the sentences also mirror the original source.  Although this student cited the original source, this example would still constitute plagiarism. 

Proper Paraphrasing:

Charles Lane claims that for many black students test prep courses are not financially feasible, regardless of socioeconomic background.  Furthermore, Lane argues that many black students aren't aware of the courses available to them even if they could afford it, thanks to discriminatory marketing strategies that focus on students who are often both wealthier and white (6).  

This student has integrated ideas from the original text, but placed them in his/her own words. 

Quoting:

When integrating another person's exact words into a paper, alert the reader to this fact.  Two options to do so: first, by enclosing those words in quotation marks (in-text quotation), or, second, by indenting the borrowed section and setting it apart from your own writing (block quote).

In-text Quotations

To include an author's exact words within a sentence, name the author in a signal phrase.  Some signal phrases are, "In the words of...," "As so-and-so has noted..." and "..claims so-and-so."  At the end of in-text quotations using a signal phrase giving the author's name, a citation at the end of the sentence is needed providing the page number(s) in parentheses. 

Example:

Charles Lane argues that "thorough, expertly taught preparation can raise a student's ability to cope with, and hence succeed on, a particular exam" (6).

When a signal phrase is not used, and the author's name is not introduced, it must be included in the citation.

Example:

It is clear that "thorough, expertly taught preparation can raise a student's ability to cope with, and hence succeed on, a particular exam" (Lane 6).

Source: Arthur C. Banks Library, Capital Community College.  Web. 26, July 2013. http://ccc.commnet.libguides.com/content.php?pid=418365&sid=3425537